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经济学人:为什么海龟吃塑料垃圾(1)

Turtles have an unfortunate habit of devouring plastic objects floating in the sea.These then get snared in their alimentary canals, cannot be broken down by the animals' digestive enzymes and may ultimately kill them.It is widely assumed that this penchant for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity.Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat.Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles have no resemblance to jellyfish.Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that something more complicated is going on.

译文

海龟有一个坏习惯，就是吞食漂浮在海里的塑料制品。然后这些东西会陷入消化道，无法被动物的消化酶分解，并最终可能致死。人们普遍认为，这种对塑料的嗜好是一种错误的识别。例如，漂浮的塑料袋看起来就像许多海龟喜欢吃的水母。然而，海龟体内的许多塑料制品却与水母毫无相似之处。因此，佛罗里达大学的Joseph Pfaller怀疑，更复杂的事情正在发生。

 

As he writes in Current Biology, he thinks that the odour of marine micro-organisms which colonise floating plastic objects induces turtles to feed.The idea that the smell of plastic flotsam might lure animals to their doom first emerged in 2016.Researchers at the University of California, Davis, noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide,which are released into the air by micro-organism-colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food.

译文

他在《Current Biology》中写道，海洋微生物附着在漂浮的塑料物体上，它们的气味诱使海龟进食。塑料垃圾的气味可能会导致动物灭亡的想法最早出现在2016年。加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员注意到，某些化学物质，尤其是被微生物占领的塑料释放到空气中的二甲基硫化物，是许多海鸟用来寻找食物的。

 

These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the algaeand bacteria that lie at the bottom of marine food chains. The researchers also found that birds which pursue their food in this way are five or six times more likely to eat plastic than those which do not.Since turtles are known to break the surface periodically and sniff the air when navigating towards their feeding areas,Dr Pfaller theorised that they are following these same chemica.

译文

这些化学物质标记了捕食的好地方，因为它们表明在海洋食物链的底部有大量的藻类和细菌。研究人员还发现，以这种方式捕食的鸟类比不以这种方式捕食的鸟类吃塑料制品的可能性要大5到6倍。众所周知，海龟在游向觅食区域时，会周期性地破开水面，并嗅空气中的气味。因此，Pfaller博士推断，海龟也在遵循着这些相同的化学物质，而且同样会误以为漂浮的塑料物体是可以食用的。

 

注释

1.devour  吞食

A medium-sized dog will devour at least one can offood per day

中型犬每天至少要吃掉一罐狗粮。

2.penchant 嗜好

He could be time consuming with his penchant foranecdotes.

他可以因为对轶事的爱好而浪费许多时间。

3.induce 引诱

Nothing would induce me to take the job.

没有什么能诱使我接受这份工作。

4.sniff 嗅

Suddenly, he stopped and sniffed the air...

他突然停下来，闻了闻空气里的味道。